200 Questions and Answers on Practical Civil Engineering Works

1. Bridge Works
2. Concrete Structures
2. Concrete Structures
4. Earthworks
5. Piers and Marine Structures
6. Roadworks

Difference between Yield Strength and Tensile Strength

Main Difference

The results of any mechanical experiment are shown in terms of stress and strain and therefore the terms such as Yield and Tensile strength originate. The main difference between them is that the yield strength is the force which is required to produce plastic deformation in a material while the tensile strength is the force which is needed to break the material permanently.

Comparison Chart

Basis of Distinction	Yield Strength	Tensile Strength
Definition	Force applied on an object to produce plastic deformation.	Force used on an object to create permanent breakage
Intensity	Minimum amount of force	Maximum amount of force
Processes	For smaller scale activities such as forging, milling and rolling.	For bigger scale purposes such as the production of material and construction.
Example	Rope, Wire	Utensils

Types of Construction | Building Construction and Design

Building Construction | Civil Engineering and Design

Construction of buildings can be divided into three main categories:

1. Load bearing construction
2. Composite construction
3. Framed construction

But among the three types, framed construction is widely used for all kinds of constructions.

An engineering structure is an assembly of number of elements transferring the loads and providing a form space to serve the desired function.

Relationship between Structural and Architectural Design

• Structural Engineering and Architecture are two different sciences that are inter-related. Structural Designing deals with the study of design of steel in a structure i.e., the internal skeleton of the structure that helps to keep the structure durable, sound and stiff.

• Whereas Architectural Design deals with design of spaces meant for a particular function. It helps to create ambient environment that is pleasing to eye. The Architect designs the building keeping all the functional aspects in mind that are to be incorporated into the design and then they are executed by a Civil or Structural Engineer.
  

Methods of Structural Design Design of Steel Structures.

All parts of a structural steel framework of a structure shall be capable of sustaining the most adverse combination of dead loads, the prescribed super imposed roof and floor loads, wind loads, seismic forces where applicable, and any other forces or loads to which the building maybe reasonably subjected without exceeding the permissible stresses.

The following methods may be employed for existing steel framework:

1. Simple design
2. Semi-rigid design
3. Fully rigid design
4. Plastic design
   

Load Calculations | Design of Buildings

Now we will move on with our further discussion on the following points:

• Design principle assumption and notation assumed
• Design Constant
• Assumptions regarding Design
• Loads on Beams
• Loads on slabs
  

Calculation of loads for Column and Foundation Design | Structural Design

How to calculate the total loads on a column and corresponding footing?

This article has been written on the request from my readers. Engineering students generally get confused when it comes to calculating loads for column and footings design. The manual process is simple.

Types of loads on column

STANDARD CONVERSION FACTORS

INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE
FOOT = 0.3048 METRE
YARD = 0.9144 METRE
MILE = 1.6093 KILOMETER
ACRE = 0.4047 HECTARE
POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM
DEGREE FARENHEIT X 5/9 – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS
MILLIMETRE= 0.0394 INCH
METRE = 3.2808FOOT

What is Civil Engineers ?

Civil Engineers design, build, supervise, operate and maintain construction projects and systems in the public and private sectors, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment.

Things Site Engineers Must Know

Minimum thickness of slab is 125 mm.

Water absorption should not be more than 15 %.

Dimension tolerance for cubes + – 2 mm.

Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N /mm²

Maximum Free fall of concrete allowed is 1.50 m.

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